EMS/internal/forecast/forecast.go

package forecast

import (
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"log/slog"
	"net/http"
	"sort"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/tb/ems/internal/config"
)

// Result holds the fetched forecast for a single day.
type Result struct {
	Date               time.Time
	TotalKWh           float64
	FetchedAt          time.Time
	SurplusWindowStart time.Time // first hour where PV surplus exceeds wallbox threshold
	SurplusWindowEnd   time.Time // last hour of that contiguous block
}

// Quality returns a human-readable label based on configured thresholds.
func (r Result) Quality(cfg config.StrategicConfig) string {
	switch {
	case r.TotalKWh >= cfg.ForecastHighKWh:
		return "Sehr gut"
	case r.TotalKWh >= cfg.ForecastMidKWh:
		return "Gut"
	case r.TotalKWh >= 5:
		return "Mittel"
	default:
		return "Schwach"
	}
}

// QualityIcon returns a weather icon for the forecast quality.
func (r Result) QualityIcon(cfg config.StrategicConfig) string {
	switch {
	case r.TotalKWh >= cfg.ForecastHighKWh:
		return "☀️"
	case r.TotalKWh >= cfg.ForecastMidKWh:
		return "🌤️"
	case r.TotalKWh >= 5:
		return "⛅"
	default:
		return "☁️"
	}
}

// Client fetches daily PV forecasts from forecast.solar and caches the result.
type Client struct {
	cfg        config.ForecastConfig
	strategic  config.StrategicConfig
	httpClient *http.Client
	logger     *slog.Logger

	mu     sync.RWMutex
	cached *Result
}

// NewClient creates a new forecast client.
func NewClient(cfg config.ForecastConfig, strategic config.StrategicConfig, logger *slog.Logger) *Client {
	return &Client{
		cfg:       cfg,
		strategic: strategic,
		httpClient: &http.Client{
			Timeout: 10 * time.Second,
		},
		logger: logger,
	}
}

// Today returns the forecast for today, fetching from the API if needed.
// The cache is refreshed at most once per FetchInterval, and only within the
// configured fetch window (e.g. 07:00–19:00). Outside the window the cached
// value is always returned unchanged.
// Returns a zero Result and no error if forecasting is disabled.
func (c *Client) Today(ctx context.Context) (Result, error) {
	if !c.cfg.Enabled {
		return Result{}, nil
	}

	c.mu.RLock()
	cached := c.cached
	c.mu.RUnlock()

	now := time.Now()
	today := time.Date(now.Year(), now.Month(), now.Day(), 0, 0, 0, 0, now.Location())

	// Outside fetch window: serve cache as-is (even if stale)
	if !c.inFetchWindow(now) {
		if cached != nil {
			return *cached, nil
		}
		// No cache yet and outside window — try anyway (first startup)
	}

	// Within window: re-fetch if cache is missing, from a previous day, or older than the interval
	interval := c.cfg.FetchIntervalParsed()
	cacheValid := cached != nil &&
		cached.Date.Equal(today) &&
		now.Sub(cached.FetchedAt) < interval

	if cacheValid {
		return *cached, nil
	}

	result, err := c.fetch(ctx, today)
	if err != nil {
		if cached != nil {
			c.logger.Warn("forecast fetch failed, using stale cache",
				"error", err,
				"cached_date", cached.Date.Format("2006-01-02"),
				"fetched_at", cached.FetchedAt.Format("15:04"),
			)
			return *cached, nil
		}
		return Result{}, err
	}

	c.mu.Lock()
	c.cached = &result
	c.mu.Unlock()

	return result, nil
}

// inFetchWindow returns true if now is within the configured fetch window.
// If no window is configured, always returns true.
func (c *Client) inFetchWindow(now time.Time) bool {
	if c.cfg.FetchWindowStart == "" || c.cfg.FetchWindowEnd == "" {
		return true
	}
	start, err1 := parseTimeOfDay(c.cfg.FetchWindowStart, now)
	end, err2 := parseTimeOfDay(c.cfg.FetchWindowEnd, now)
	if err1 != nil || err2 != nil {
		return true // misconfigured → don't block
	}
	return now.After(start) && now.Before(end)
}

// parseTimeOfDay parses "HH:MM" and returns a time.Time on the same day as ref.
func parseTimeOfDay(s string, ref time.Time) (time.Time, error) {
	var h, m int
	if _, err := fmt.Sscanf(s, "%d:%d", &h, &m); err != nil {
		return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid time %q: %w", s, err)
	}
	return time.Date(ref.Year(), ref.Month(), ref.Day(), h, m, 0, 0, ref.Location()), nil
}

// forecastResponse is the forecast.solar API response structure.
type forecastResponse struct {
	Result struct {
		Watts        map[string]float64 `json:"watts"`         // instantaneous W per hour slot
		WattHoursDay map[string]float64 `json:"watt_hours_day"`
	} `json:"result"`
	Message struct {
		Code int    `json:"code"`
		Text string `json:"text"`
	} `json:"message"`
}

func (c *Client) fetch(ctx context.Context, day time.Time) (Result, error) {
	url := fmt.Sprintf(
		"https://api.forecast.solar/estimate/%.4f/%.4f/%d/%d/%.1f",
		c.cfg.Lat, c.cfg.Lon,
		c.cfg.Declination, c.cfg.Azimuth,
		c.cfg.KWp,
	)

	c.logger.Debug("fetching forecast", "url", url)

	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return Result{}, fmt.Errorf("creating request: %w", err)
	}

	resp, err := c.httpClient.Do(req)
	if err != nil {
		return Result{}, fmt.Errorf("fetching forecast: %w", err)
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()

	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		return Result{}, fmt.Errorf("forecast.solar returned status %d", resp.StatusCode)
	}

	var fr forecastResponse
	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&fr); err != nil {
		return Result{}, fmt.Errorf("decoding response: %w", err)
	}

	dateKey := day.Format("2006-01-02")
	wh, ok := fr.Result.WattHoursDay[dateKey]
	if !ok {
		return Result{}, fmt.Errorf("no forecast data for %s", dateKey)
	}

	result := Result{
		Date:      day,
		TotalKWh:  wh / 1000.0,
		FetchedAt: time.Now(),
	}

	// Compute surplus window if thresholds are configured
	if c.cfg.MinSurplusW > 0 {
		result.SurplusWindowStart, result.SurplusWindowEnd =
			computeSurplusWindow(fr.Result.Watts, day, c.cfg.BaseLoadW, c.cfg.MinSurplusW)
	}

	c.logger.Info("forecast fetched",
		"date", dateKey,
		"kwh", result.TotalKWh,
		"quality", result.Quality(c.strategic),
		"surplus_start", formatOptionalTime(result.SurplusWindowStart),
		"surplus_end", formatOptionalTime(result.SurplusWindowEnd),
	)

	return result, nil
}

// computeSurplusWindow finds the first contiguous block of hours in the hourly
// forecast where PV production minus house base load meets the minimum surplus
// threshold (i.e. enough export to charge a car).
// Returns zero times if no such window exists.
func computeSurplusWindow(watts map[string]float64, day time.Time, baseLoadW, minSurplusW float64) (start, end time.Time) {
	type slot struct {
		t time.Time
		w float64
	}

	dayStr := day.Format("2006-01-02")
	var slots []slot

	for k, v := range watts {
		if !strings.HasPrefix(k, dayStr) {
			continue
		}
		// forecast.solar may return timestamps with or without seconds
		t, err := time.ParseInLocation("2006-01-02 15:04:05", k, day.Location())
		if err != nil {
			t, err = time.ParseInLocation("2006-01-02 15:04", k, day.Location())
		}
		if err != nil {
			continue
		}
		slots = append(slots, slot{t, v})
	}

	sort.Slice(slots, func(i, j int) bool {
		return slots[i].t.Before(slots[j].t)
	})

	for _, s := range slots {
		if s.w-baseLoadW >= minSurplusW {
			if start.IsZero() {
				start = s.t
			}
			end = s.t.Add(time.Hour)
		} else if !start.IsZero() {
			break // first contiguous block ended
		}
	}

	return
}

func formatOptionalTime(t time.Time) string {
	if t.IsZero() {
		return "-"
	}
	return t.Format("15:04")
}